ABSTRACT The present study related to boxing athletes' mental toughness and physical fitness performances with Big Five Factors. For this, the sample was composed of eleven recreational boxers who competed at the state level and were regularly training (technical and tactical) 4 times a week during the evaluation period. The 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI) measures the Big Five dimensions of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion and the 14-item Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) were applied with Strength, Power, and Endurance Tests, Pearson and Spearman's correlations were used to verify the association between BFI, physical and mental tests, respectively, p≤.05. Our results demonstrated that significant and strong correlation between agreeableness factor and sit-ups test, with 40.85±12.36 freq./min (r=.72, p=.02) and, in SMTQ, a strong correlation between Neuroticism and Control [10(9;12) score, r=.76, p≤0.01], Constancy [10(9;12) score, r=.84, p≤0.01] and Total SMQT [37(34;37) score, r=.84, p≤0.01]. In conclusion, these results suggest that Neuroticism factors are associated with mental toughness, while the agreeableness factor is related to muscular endurance capability. Mental toughness and endurance results are associated with boxers' personalities whose drive motivates them relentlessly towards success and promotes thriving in boxing training environments or during championships.

RESUMO O presente estudo relacionou a resistência mental e o desempenho da aptidão física de atletas de boxe com os cinco grandes fatores. Para isso, compuseram o presente estudo onze boxeadores recreativos que competiram em nível estadual e estavam treinando regularmente (técnico e tático) 4 vezes por semana durante o período de avaliação. O Big Five Inventory (BFI) de 44 itens mede as dimensões de Conscienciosidade, Amabilidade, Neuroticismo, Abertura e Extroversão e o Questionário de Resistência Mental Esportiva (SMTQ) de 14 itens foram aplicados com Testes de Força, Potência e Resistência, Pearson e as correlações de Spearman foram utilizadas para verificar a associação entre IMC, testes físicos e mentais, respectivamente, p≤0.05. Nossos resultados demonstraram correlação significativa e forte entre o fator de amabilidade e o teste de abdominais, com 40,9±12,4 freq./min (r=0,72, p=0,02) e, no SMTQ, uma forte correlação entre Neuroticismo e Controle [10 (9;12) pontuação, r=0.76, p≤0,01], Constância [10(9;12) pontuação, r=0.84, p≤0,001] e total SMQT [37(34;37) pontuação, r= 0.84, p≤0,001]. Em conclusão, esses resultados sugerem que os fatores de neuroticismo estão associados à resistência mental, enquanto o fator de amabilidade está associado à capacidade de resistência muscular. Os resultados de resistência mental e resistência estão associados à personalidade dos boxeadores, cuja motivação os impulsiona implacavelmente para o sucesso e promove o sucesso em ambientes de treinamento de boxe ou durante campeonatos.

Abstract The present study is a descriptive-documental study that evaluates a survey database about Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) practitioners and concussions. We investigate any relationship between lifetime practice and the incidence of concussions in adults. For this, an online survey composed of 17 questions was sent to 42 BJJ coaches. The Survey Monkey platform was used to host the survey. Some demographic data was collected, followed by questions related to the BJJ practice. A total of 791 practitioners had completed or partially answered the survey. The results show that concussions are more frequent at the beginner’s white 49.0% and blue belt 33.3% (p ≤ 0.01). The symptom “seeing stars” showed a positive and significant correlation (r = 0.169, p ≤ 0.002) with a white and blue belt. After a concussion, white and blue belts return faster than the others (χ2 = 190.964; p ≤ 0.01). White, blue, and purple belts are the least likely to seek medical care after a concussion (χ2 = 14.874; p ≤ 0.01). Together, our results showed the need for an educational intervention with the BJJ coaches and beginners regarding awareness about concussions and possible post-traumatic issues and creating procedures to deal with concussions in BJJ.

ABSTRACT The actions of time-motion in combat sports have been the subject of scientific investigations, aiming to develop analysis protocols. This study aimed to develop and validate a specific time-movement protocol for English Boxing using the Frami® software. This protocol was developed based on English boxing techniques. Groups of actions and patterns were defined from the beginning to the end of each action. Twelve combats carried out in the Rio de Janeiro Olympics were analyzed for validation. Test and retest comparisons were made using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), both considering a significance level of p≤ 0.05. The main results indicated that there was reproducibility classified as excellent for all variables (Displacement: CCI= 0.99 and 0.97; Attack: CCI= 0.98 and 0.96; Defense: CCI= 0.97 and 0.94; Clinch: CCI= 0.99 and 0.96; pause: CCI= 0.98 and 0.96; CCI= 1.0 and 0.99, for the 1st and 2nd evaluators respectively and; Total time ICC= 1.0 for both evaluators). There was excellent objectivity (ICC≥ 0.98) in all groups of actions. It can be concluded that the developed protocol proved to be valid and reproducible for analyzing boxing matches.

RESUMO As ações de tempo e movimento nos esportes de combate tem sido objeto de investigações cientificas, com fins de desenvolvimento de protocolos de análise. Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver e validar um protocolo tempo-movimento especifico para o Boxe Inglês, utilizando o software Frami®. O presente protocolo foi desenvolvido sobre técnicas do boxe inglês, foram definidos grupos de ações e padrões de início o final de cada ação. Para validação foram analisados 12 combates realizados nas Olimpíadas do Rio de Janeiro. As comparações de teste e reteste foram feitas usando o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI), ambos considerando um nível de significância de p≤ 0,05. Os principais resultados indicaram que houve reprodutibilidade classificada como excelente para todas as variáveis (Descolamento: CCI= 0.99 e 0.97; Ataque: CCI= 0.98 e 0.96; Defesa: CCI= 0.97 e 0.94; Clinch: CCI= 0.99 e 0.96; pausa: CCI= 1 e 0.99, para o 1º e 2º avaliador respectivamente; Tempo total CCI= 1 para ambos os avaliadores). Houve objetividade excelente (CCI≥ 0.98) em todas os conjuntos de ações. Pode-se concluir que o protocolo desenvolvido se mostrou válido e reprodutível para analisar de combates de boxe.

Abstract The present study compared exercise and sports characteristics between subjects with Binge Eating Disorder (BD) classification and a health group without binge eating. A randomized sample of 111 participants (23.1± 7.6 yrs.; 1.6± 0.6 m; 77.0± 16.9 kg) were classified and separated according BD classification (non-binging= 47; moderate binging n = 30; severe binging n = 40). For this, the BD Scale, Self-perceived Performance Scale, and a Demographic Questionnaire obtained classifications about BD and characteristics of exercise and sports practices. Analysis indicated that the Body Mass Index (BMI) was different between groups (p ≤ 0.001). Non-binging, with 22.5± 5.1 index, presented lower values than severe binging, with 27.4± 4.9 index and moderate, binging, with 28.1± 8.2 index, while severe binging, with 6 (2; 6) hours/training, had a longer time than moderate, with 4 (2; 6) hours and non-binging groups, with 3 (2; 6) hours/training. With a 3 (2.5; 3) score, the severe binging group presented lower motor control performance than the non-binging with a 3 (3; 4) score. Thus, coaches and psychologists can develop strategies for specific eating disorders, considering present important factors in sports psychology to reduce BD and compensatory strategies.

Abstract Knowledge about the prevalence of concussion in combat sports is important information to keep athletes’ and practitioners’ physical integrity in different modalities such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ). Therefore, this study aimed to compare concussions incidence in BJJ between men and women practitioners. A randomized sample of 779 (689 men and 90 women) BJJ practitioners (age: 32.4± 9.8 years, training-time: 57.3± 54.4 months, training frequency: 3.4± 1.3 times/week). The injury analysis was done using a questionnaire with demographic data and a survey about concussions. The main results showed that women had a significantly higher frequency of concussions in training than men [38 (41%) women vs 147 men (20,5%); p ≤ 0.001]. Furthermore, women had a significantly higher frequency of loss of consciousness than men [13 (8.8%) men vs 4 (11%) women; p = 0.009], among the symptoms resulting from a concussion, headache, dizziness, and loss of balance, represented the most common symptoms in those affected by concussion, regardless of gender. The results of this study may be helpful to athletes, coaches, and federations to prevent this type of injury, mainly in women.

ABSTRACT Motor learning generates synaptic neural connections that favour the motor environment and, also, various processes where our cognitive and executive functions intervene. Therefore, it is essential to know the different contributions that come from neuroscience linked to motor learning in a child. This study aimed to determine the fundamental contributions of neuroscience to motor learning in children. The methodology included a qualitative systematic review in the PubMed, Medline and Scopus databases. Of 479 related documents, 24 papers achieved the inclusion criteria (the learning mechanisms of motor skills and the different approaches to achieving meaningful learning). They were selected using the data collection methodology indicated by PRISMA®. The main results indicated that learning occurs based on experiences (cognitive, perceptual, motor, linguistic, neuronal, organic and cultural) and requires processes of adaptation, stabilization, and maturation of brain synchronization of vestibular, perceptual and visual processes. Children who receive motor intervention improve sustained attention, working memory, problem-solving and planning capacity. Motor and cognitive development are favoured by instructions as an essential tool. The implicit instructions present a higher benefit for children with lower motor skills.

Abstract This study measured the peak force (PF) in cadet inline speed skaters (ISS) and verified the physical measures that determine athletes’ performance on the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Test (IMTP) through a multivariate regression and discriminant canonical analysis. A total of 36 high-performance male (n = 18; age= 17.4± 1.21 years; body mass= 65.1± 6.18 kg; height= 168.6± 5.1 cm) and female (n = 18; age= 17.4± 1.23 years; body mass= 55.5± 4.4 kg; height= 158.6± 5.2 cm) athletes were measured two times (with a 3-day interval). All participants performed the IMTP and sit-and-reach (SR) tests, and an evaluator performed anthropometric circumference measurements on their thighs and calves. The main results indicated that males showed a higher PF on the test (m = 59.0± 3.9 N/kg vs. f = 50.4± 5.8 N/kg; p ≤ 0.001) and retest (m = 59.1± 4.2 N/kg vs. f = 51.9± 6.6 N/kg; p ≤ 0.001). In the first, thigh circumference (χ2 = 29.01, p ≤ 0.001, R2 = 0.74) had an overall 91.7% prediction. The second model included using the SR and thigh circumference (χ2 = 49.91, p ≤ 0.001, R2 = 1.0) showed an overall prediction of 100.0%. The thigh circumference matrix showed better predictive power for (coefficient= 7.158) male and female IMTP performance. In conclusion, despite the gender differences, the thigh circumference is a good predictor for PF in cadet ISS athletes.

Abstract Aim: to compile existing information in the scientific literature on female military pentathlon athletes. Methods: searches were performed on Pubmed/Medline, Scielo, and Scholar Google databases with specific strings in English and Portuguese. Results: military pentathlon is a discipline that comprises five events, namely: rifle shooting, obstacle run, obstacle swimming, throwing, and cross country running. Our search initially identified 275 records, which were reduced to the final list of 14 after the eligibility criteria analysis was performed in two phases: title + abstract reading and full-text reading. The first record was published in 2007 (recent field of study) and most studies were cross-sectional ones (scarcity of experimental studies), investigating outcomes like psychological, anthropometric, biochemical, biomechanics, cardiopulmonary, nutritional, skin temperature, performance, and prevalence of injury. The female military pentathlon athletes present low values of body fat, energy intake, and high weekly training volume, so professionals must be aware to prevent relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S) syndrome. The obstacle run was the most investigated event, with lower blood lactate and skin temperature for women athletes. It was also observed that anthropometric, muscle power, and cardiopulmonary variables are well correlated with athletic performance and in some studies, these correlations were stronger for female athletes. Conclusion: scientific research with female military pentathlon athletes is still incipient, especially for experimental design researches, which are highly encouraged in future studies.

Resumen Este artículo presenta una visión propositiva de la bibliografía actual en la técnica de pateo en fútbol. Los objetivos de la investigación son: (i) identificar las variables cinéticas y cinemáticas potenciales utilizadas en los análisis de la técnica y (ii) determinar los valores de variables cinéticas y cinemáticas en relación con la técnica de pateo en fútbol. Se revisaron las siguientes bases de datos; PubMed y Taylor and Francis online, para obtener artículos seleccionados desde 2000-2017. Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA®; se incluyeron artículos con participantes adultos o juveniles sobre la mecánica de pateo en fútbol a través de variables biomecánicas. Los artículos incluidos fueron 29, posteriormente se elaboró un modelo técnico compuesto por cuatro fases: preparación, balanceo, impacto y seguimiento. Una perspectiva biomecánica con base en la técnica podría ofrecer una estrategia prometedora para mejorar, a partir del entrenamiento y análisis de la técnica, el rendimiento en fútbol además de proveer antecedentes para la prevención de lesiones.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma visão propositiva da bibliografia atual sobre a técnica do chute no futebol. Os objetivos da pesquisa são: (i) identificar as variáveis cinéticas e cinemáticas potenciais utilizadas na análise da técnica e (ii) determinar os valores das variáveis cinéticas e cinemáticas em relação à técnica de pontapés no futebol. As seguintes bases de dados foram revistas; PubMed e Taylor e Francis online, para artigos selecionados de 2000 a 2017. Foi utilizada a metodologia PRISMA®; foram incluídos artigos com participantes adultos ou juvenis sobre mecânica do chute de futebol através de variáveis biomecânicas. Os artigos incluídos foram 29, posteriormente foi desenvolvido um modelo técnico composto por quatro fases: preparação, balanceamento, impacto e acompanhamento. Uma perspectiva biomecânica baseada na técnica poderia oferecer uma estratégia promissora para melhorar, a partir do treinamento e da análise da técnica, o desempenho no futebol, bem como fornecer um pano de fundo para a prevenção de lesões.

Abstract This article describes a propositive vision of the current literature on soccer kicking techniques. It aims to identify the potential kinetic and kinematic variables used in the analysis of the techniques, and to determine the values of kinetic and kinematic variables in relation to the kicking techniques in soccer. PubMed and Taylor & Francis online were reviewed to obtain selected articles from 2000 to 2017. PRISMA® methodology was implemented. Twenty-nine papers were selected; they considered kicking techniques in soccer young or adult participants through biomechanical variables. Then, a four-phase technical model was prepared: preparation, roll, impact, and follow-up phases. A technique-based biomechanical perspective can offer a promising strategy to improve, from training and technique analysis, the performance in football, in addition to providing a background for injury prevention.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou o efeito agudo da suplementação (3g) de gengibre (Zingibir officinale) sobre o metabolismo. Foram medidos 12 homens universitários fisicamente ativos (22.8±3.3 anos; 79.4±12.5 kg; 1.8±0.1 m; 25.4±3.0 kg/m2; 16.9±3.1%BF). 3 horas após a suplementação (gengibre ou placebo) mediram-se (linha de base com duração de 30 min) a taxa metabólica de repouso (RMR), consumo de oxigênio (VO₂), dióxido de carbono (VCO₂), quociente respiratório (RQ), proteína (PRO), carboidrato (CHO) e oxidação de gordura, após, todos realizaram 30-min de exercício aeróbico (75%-85% da frequência cardíaca de reserva - RHR), ao final, foram repetidas as mesmas variáveis do pré-exercício por 60 min. Observou-se efeitos do momento de medida entre o repouso e pós exercício, onde as medidas obtidas no pós-exercício 1 (0-30 min) foram significativamente maiores (p≤0.001 para RMR; VO₂; VCO₂; PRO e CHO; p=0.001 para RQ; p=0.03 para oxidação de gordura) em comparação com momento de repouso e pós exercício 2 (30-60 min). Resultados similares foram observados no exercício para VO₂ (31.5±3.1 vs. 31.9±3.7 mL/kg/min; p=0.78) e equivalentes respiratórios para oxigênio (VE/VO2: 24.1±2.5 vs. 24.4±3.3; p=0.75) onde não houve diferença entre condições. Em conclusão, para o protocolo aplicado, a suplementação aguda de extrato de gengibre não produz efeito ergogênico metabólico.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the acute effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation (3.0 g) on metabolism. For this, 12-male physically active college were measured (22.8±3.3 yrs.; 79.4±12.5 kg; 1.8±0.1 m; 25.4±3.0 kg/m2; 16.9±3.1 %BF). Three-hours after supplementation (ginger or placebo) (Baseline - lasting 30-min) the resting metabolic rate (RMR), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ) protein (PRO), carbohydrate (CHO), and fat oxidation were measured. All participants then performed 30-min of aerobic exercise (75-85 % of reserve heart rate - RHR). Finally, the same post-exercise variables for 60-min were measured. For the measures performed at rest and after exercise were observed effect of the moment of measurement, where the measures obtained at post-exercise 1 exercise (0-30 min) were significative higher (p≤0.001 for RMR; VO2; VCO2; PRO and CHO; p=0.001 for RQ; p=0.03 for FAT) in comparison to rest and post-exercise 2 (30-60 min) moments. Similar results were observed at the exercise for VO2 (31.5±3.1 vs. 31.9±3.7 mL/kg/min; p=0.78) and ventilatory equivalents for oxygen (VE/VO2: 24.1±2.5 vs. 24.4±3.3; p=0.75) where no differences were observed between conditions. In conclusion, for the applied protocol, acute ginger extract supplementation produced no metabolic ergogenic effect.

Resumen El propósito del estudio fue determinar la potencia relativa del miembro inferior y actividad electromiográfica de superficie (EMGs) del glúteo mayor (GM), vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) y gastrocnemio lateral (GASLAT), durante un salto contramovimiento (CMJ) y un salto Abalakov (ABK). Un total de 24 voleibolistas universitarios se dividieron en dos grupos iguales asignados por el nivel de competencia: el grupo 1 (G1), compuesto por voleibolistas de 1ª división universitaria y el grupo 2 (G2), compuesto por voleibolistas de 2ª división universitaria. Cada uno fue sometido a dos evaluaciones simultáneas de potencia y EMGs. Para la potencia se utilizó un sistema de grabación en 2D, por medio de un seguimiento del trocánter mayor con una cámara de 250 fps. Esta grabación se sometió a una medición por medio de software (Tracker), para obtener los valores de potencia absoluta. La EMGs se realizó por medio de un electromiógrafo Delsys Trigno en los músculos GM, VM, VL y GASLAT. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en %PeakRMS del VL (G1=65.210.2; G2=54.0±11.7 %PeakRMS; p<0.05) en CMJ, mientras que en ABK presentaron diferencias significativas VL (G1=69.6±17.3; G2=55.1±12.3 %PeakRMS; p<0.05) y GASLAT (G1=61.4±13.4; G2=50.6±7.2 %PeakRMS; p<0.05), para la potencia relativa no se presentaron diferencias significativas entre CMJ (p>0.05) y ABK (p>0.05). G.=50.6±7.2 %PeakRMS; p<0.05), para la potencia relativa no se presentaron diferencias significativas entre CMJ (p>0.05) y ABK (p>0.05).

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a potência relativa do membro inferior e atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) de superfície do glúteo máximo (GM), vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) e gastrocnêmio lateral (GASLAT) durante um salto contramovimento (CMJ) e um salto Abalakov (ABK). No total foram 24 jogadores de vôlei universitários divididos em dois grupos iguais, determinados pelo nível de competição: o grupo 1 (G1), composto por jogadores de 1ª divisão universitária e o grupo 2 (G2), composto por jogadores de vôlei de 2ª divisão universitária. Cada um foi submetido a duas avaliações simultâneas de potência e EMG de superfície. Para a potência foi utilizada um sistema de gravação 2D, por meio de um segmento do trocânter maior com uma câmara de 250 Fps. Essa gravação foi submetida a uma medição por meio de software (Tracker), para obter os valores de potência absoluta. A EMG de superfície foi realizada por meio do aparelho de eletromiografia Delsys Trigno nos músculos GM, VM, VL e GASLAT. Houve diferenças significativas em %PeakRMS do VL (G1=65,210,2; G2=54,0±11,7 %PeakRMS; p<0,05) em CMJ, enquanto o ABK apresentou diferenças significativas no VL (G1=69,6±17,3; G2=55,1±12,3 %PeakRMS; p<0,05) e GASLAT (G1=61,4±13,4; G2=50,6±7,2 %PeakRMS; p<0,05), com relação à potência relativa não houve diferenças significativas entre CMJ (p>0,05) e ABK (p>0,05).

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relative power of lower limbs and the surface electromyographic activity (EMG) of the gluteus maximus (GM), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and lateral gastrocnemius (GASLAT) during a countermovement jump (CMJ) and an Abalakov jump (ABK). Twenty-four college volleyball players were divided into two equal groups assigned by division: Group 1 (G1), comprised of volleyball players from the 1st university division, and Group 2 (G2), comprised of volleyball players from the 2nd university division. Both groups took two simultaneous EMG and power assessments. For the power assessment, a 2D recording system was used to track the greater trochanter with a 250fps camera. The video was analyzed with the Tracker 4.96 software to obtain absolute power values. The EMG activity was measured using a Delsys Trigno® electromyograph in the GM, VM, VL, and GASLAT muscles. Significant differences were found in %PeakRMS of VL (G1=65.210.2; G2=54.0±11.7 %PeakRMS; p<0.05) for CMJ, as well as in VL (G1=69.6±17.3; G2=55.1±12.3 %PeakRMS; p<0.05) for ABK and GASLAT (G1=61.4±13.4; G2=50.6±7.2 %PeakRMS; p<0.05). Regarding relative power, no significant differences were present between CMJ (p> 0.05) and ABK (p>0.05).

Resumo Em uma modalidade esportiva de combate tão competitiva como o judô é importante que o treinamento seja planejado minuciosamente para que um atleta possa se destacar no cenário competitivo internacional. Neste contexto, é importante que o treinador e avaliador sejam precisos quanto as medidas realizadas no atleta. Tais medidas, quando corretamente realizadas, podem municiar o treinador com ferramentas que permitam prescrever treinamentos contextualizados. O presente ponto de vista apresentará como variáveis cineantropométricas podem ser consideradas por treinadores e avaliadores ao realizarem análises técnico-táticas e biomecânicas em atletas de judô. Existem diferenças entre sexo e categorias de peso quanto às ações que são predominantes. Categorias mais leves realizam devem realizar treinos específicos quanto ao approach e pegada. Deve-se dedicar atenção a antecipação em atletas das categorias leves e médio. A taxa de desenvolvimento de força é a variável biomecânica mais importante

Abstract In such a competitive combat sport as judo, it is important that the training is carefully planned so that the athlete can stand out in the international competition. In this context, it is important that the trainer and evaluator are accurate regarding the measures taken of the athlete. Such measures, when correctly performed, can prepare the trainer with tools that allow prescribing contextualized training. The present point of view will show how kinanthropometric variables can be considered by coaches and evaluators when performing technical-tactical and biomechanical analysis in judo athletes. There are differences between sex and weight divisions as to the actions that are prevalent in each one of the categories. Lighter divisions performances must have specific training regarding approach and gripping. Attention should be paid to anticipation in athletes of the light and middle divisions. The rating of force development is the most important biomechanical measure.

Resumo Este artigo analisou o Teste de Aptidão Física (PFT), realizado pela Marinha do Brasil para medir os parâmetros físicos de seus militares, a fim de apresentar as probabilidades de desempenho com o aumento da idade. Analisamos 702 dados de PFT, separados em três grupos com base na idade, como segue: adultos jovens (YA, n=91, faixa etária entre 20-30 anos), adultos (A, n=243, faixa etária entre 30-40 anos) e adultos de meia idade (MA, n=368, faixa etária entre 40-50 anos). As medidas da PFT foram: Índice de Massa Corporal (BMI), natação de 100m livre, 3.200m de corrida, 1min de abdominais, flexão na barra e flexão de braço. Os principais resultados indicaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos quando comparados a massa corporal (YA: 79,1±11,4kg e A: 82,1±14kg <MA: 84,1±12,3kg), IMC (IA: 25,4±2,9 <A: 26,4±4,3 <MA: 27,5±4,0), Pull-ups (YA: 10,8±4,6 freq./min <A: 10,0±3,6 freq./min <MA: 8,5±4,7 freq./min), 3.200 m de tempo de execução (YA: 1282,1±172,4s <A: 1421±199,8s <MA: 1566,7±192,4s) e 100m de natação (YA: 140,1±45,6s <A: 149,7±37,9s <MA: 180,8±50s) e a análise de regressão demonstrou que 3.200m de corrida e flexões de braço foram a variável mais afetada do processo de envelhecimento (p<0,05). Em resumo, é possível realizar uma aplicação prática, considerando o processo de envelhecimento e o declínio da capacidade aeróbica e da força-força dos membros superiores no treinamento físico militar.

Abstract This article analyzes the Physical Fitness Test (PFT) which is performed by the Brazilian Navy to check the physical parameters of its military members in order to present the performance of probabilities with increasing age. We analyzed 702 PFT data in this study, separated into three groups based on the age of those assessed by the PFT, as follows: young adults (YA, n=91, age range between 20-30 years), adults (A, n=243, age range between 30-40 years) and mature adults (MA, n=368, age range between 40-50 years old). PFT measurements were: Body Mass Index (BMI), 100 m freestyle swimming, 3,200 m running, 1 min sit-ups, Pull-up on the bar and Push-up test. The main results indicated significant differences between groups when compared Body mass (YA: 79.1±11.4kg and A: 82.1±14kg < MA: 84.1±12.3kg), BMI (YA: 25.4±2.9 < A: 26.4±4.3 < MA: 27.5±4),Pull-ups (YA: 10.8±4.6 freq./min < A: 10±3.6 freq./min < MA: 8.5±4.7 freq./min), 3,200 m running time (YA: 1282,1±172,4s < A: 1421±199.8s < MA: 1566.7±192.4s) and 100 m swimming time (YA: 140.1±45.6s < A: 149.7±37.9s < MA: 180.8±50s) and the regression analysis demonstrated that 3,200 m running and pull-ups were the most affected variable of aging process (p<0.05). In summary, it is possible to carry out a practical application, considering aging process and the decline of the aerobic capacity and the upper limbs strength-power in Military Physical Training.

Abstract Aim: We investigated the effect of high-protein (HI-PRO - 70% protein and 30% carbohydrate) and high-carbohydrate supplementation (HI-CHO - 70% carbohydrate and 30% protein) on muscle damage, haemoglobin, immune response, perceived pain and recovery post-simulated XCO. Methods: For this,10 amateur athletes (38±9.6 yrs.) were measured pre-, post- and 24-h post-trial. Results: In comparison to the pre-trial, the post-trial athletes presented leucocytosis (p≤0.001; 14.7±6.1 and 13.6±5.6 cells x103; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively) and neutropenia (p≤0.001; 11.9±5.2 and 10.7±4.9 cells x103; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively) but recovered at 24-h post-trial (Leukocytes: 6.9±1.4 and 7.1±1.4 cells x103; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively; neutrophils: 3.6±1.2 and 3.9±1.1 cells x103; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively) without a difference between conditions (p=0.808 and p=0.531; for leukocytes and neutrophils, respectively). A similar result was observed for perceived pain and recovery, where the condition did not interfere with these variables between the o measurement moments (p=0.245 and p=0.491; for pain and recovery respectively). There was an interaction effect for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), where HI-PRO presented a lower serum concentration 24-h post-trial compared to HI-CHO (p=0.039; 181.3±21.9 and 201.0±10.4 IU/L; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively). Conclusion: HI-PRO supplementation results in better muscle damage recovery but only for LDH. Athletes should evaluate the cost-benefit of choosing the nutrients to be consumed immediately post-training or competition.

Resumo O Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) é um esporte de combate que exige a máxima capacidade física durante as competições, neste contexto, alguns atletas podem administrar substâncias ilícitas, com fins de ampliar artificialmente sua performance. Por meio de análise pareada, o presente estudo comparou as ações motoras de lutadores flagrados no teste de doping frente ao desempenho em combates em que o mesmo saiu vencedor ou foi derrotado sem a presença de doping. Para tal, foram analisados 267 rounds em combates profissionais (masculino e feminino). Os rounds foram pareados por lutadores nas condições: doping, vencedor e perdedor. As ações motoras foram analisadas através de protocolo específico previamente validado. Das substâncias detectadas, os esteroides anabólicos androgênicos representaram (55%; p?0,001). Lutadores dopados apresentaram menor tempo de pausa (83,4±68,3 vs. 131,7±95,2; p?0,001) e maior tempo em alta intensidade (85,2±86,6 vs. 51,2±73,3; p=0,002) frente a condição Derrota. Quanto a análise técnico-tática em combate em pé, a condição Vitória apresentou maior média frente ao doping em todas as variáveis exceto Knockdowns (p=0,08), golpe simples acertado no corpo (p=0,15), e na perna (p=0,25) e tentativa de golpe simples (p=0,4). Em conclusão, lutadores que testaram positivo apresentaram maior desempenho nas variáveis físicas (tempo de esforço e tempo de pausa) frente a condição derrota; no entanto, a condição de doping não refletiu melhor desempenho técnico.

Abstract Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a combat sport that requires maximum physical effort during competitions. In this context, some athletes can use illicit substances in order to improve their performance. By means of paired analysis, the present study compared the motor actions of athletes who had failed an anti-doping test versus their performance in combat against a winner or loser without doping presence. For this, 267 rounds (male and female) were analyzed in professional matches. The rounds were paired by athletes in the conditions: doping, winning and losing. Motor actions were analyzed through a specific and previously-validated protocol. Of the substances detected, anabolic androgenic steroids represented 55% (p?0.001). Doped athletes had lower pause time (83.4±68.3 vs. 131.7±95.2, p?0.001) and longer time at high-intensity (85.2±86.6 vs. 51.2±73.3, p=0.002) compared to the losing condition. Regarding the technical-tactical analysis in standing combat, winning presented a higher mean compared to doping in all variables except for Knockdowns (p=0.08), single body strikes landed (p=0.15), single leg strikes landed (p=0.25) and single strike attempts (p=0.4). In conclusion, athletes who tested positive presented higher performance in the physical variables (effort and pause time) in comparison to the losing condition; however, doping did not reflect in better technical-tactical performance.